Djibouti Country Report
Djibouti is known for its strategic location at the entrance to the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, making it an important hub for international trade and maritime activities. The country has a diverse cultural heritage influenced by its location and historical connections with various civilizations. Djibouti’s population is made up of different ethnic groups, including the Somali, Afar, and Arab communities. In terms of geography, Djibouti has a unique landscape that combines desert areas, volcanic formations, and stunning coastlines. Lake Assal, located in Djibouti, is one of the saltiest lakes in the world and is a popular tourist attraction. Djibouti’s economy relies heavily on its strategic location and the services sector, including port facilities, logistics, and transshipment activities. The country is also investing in infrastructure development, such as the construction of new ports and railway connections, to further boost its economic growth.
Last updated: April 8, 2022
Security
In terms of security and risks in Djibouti, it’s important to exercise caution and stay informed, just like when traveling to any other destination. While Djibouti is generally considered safe for tourists, it’s always a good idea to take some precautions. Like in any country, it’s advisable to be aware of your surroundings and take necessary steps to protect your personal belongings. It’s also recommended to follow any travel advisories or guidelines issued by your government or relevant authorities. In Djibouti, it’s important to be mindful of the extreme temperatures, especially during the summer months when it can get very hot. Staying hydrated and wearing appropriate clothing is essential. If you plan to visit remote areas or engage in outdoor activities, it’s recommended to have a local guide or join organized tours to ensure your safety and navigate any potential risks.Â
Last updated: April 22, 2022
Infrastructure
The infrastructure in Djibouti has been undergoing significant development in recent years. The country has been investing in various infrastructure projects to improve transportation networks, including roads, ports, and railways. Djibouti has a well-connected road network that facilitates domestic and international travel. The major highways in the country include the Djibouti-Addis Ababa Highway, which connects Djibouti with Ethiopia, and the Route Nationale 1, which links Djibouti City with other regions of Djibouti. The country’s ports, such as the Port of Djibouti and the Doraleh Container Terminal, are vital for international trade, serving as important transshipment hubs for goods destined for the region. Djibouti is also investing in railway infrastructure, including the Djibouti–Ethiopia Railway, which connects Djibouti City with Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia. This railway has greatly facilitated trade and transportation between the two countries.
Last updated: April 22, 2022
Environment
Djibouti is known for its diverse and captivating environment. The country boasts a range of landscapes, from stunning coastlines along the Red Sea to rugged mountains and desert regions. Djibouti is home to several national parks and protected areas, such as the Day Forest National Park and the Forêt du Day Reserve, which showcase the country’s unique flora and fauna. These areas offer opportunities for nature lovers to explore and appreciate the country’s biodiversity. For outdoor enthusiasts, Djibouti offers fantastic cycling and hiking trails, allowing you to immerse yourself in the natural beauty of the country. Whether you want to trek through the Goda Mountains or cycle along the coastline, there are plenty of options to satisfy your adventurous spirit. Additionally, Djibouti has been making strides in environmental initiatives, including renewable energy production. The country is investing in renewable energy sources like wind and solar power, aiming to reduce its reliance on fossil fuels and promote sustainability.
Last updated: March 11, 2022
Health and Medical
The healthcare system in Djibouti has been improving in recent years. The government has been working to enhance access to healthcare services for its citizens. There are public hospitals, clinics, and health centers throughout the country. In terms of diseases, Djibouti, like many other countries, faces various health challenges. Malaria, respiratory infections, and diarrheal diseases are among the common health concerns. It’s important for individuals to take preventive measures, such as using mosquito nets and practicing good hygiene, to reduce the risk of contracting these diseases.
Medical facilities are limited even in the capital and virtually non-existent outside urban centers, and emergency medical care is usually limited to stabilizing patients before evacuation. Most medical cases with severe injuries require air transport to countries with more advanced medical infrastructure. Most doctors and hospitals require cash payment for medical services. Limited medications are also available. Some prescription drugs may not be available, and prescription drugs are usually expensive.
Last updated: March 30, 2022
Political
Since its independence in 1977, Djibouti has enjoyed relative political stability compared to other countries in the region.
The government has been led by President Ismail Omar Guelleh since 1999, but most elections have been boycotted by opposition parties due to fraud and electoral fraud. Political participation is limited due to the repressive tactics of the ruling Progressive Party (RPP) and low tolerance of political opposition, including repression of opposition parties, exorbitant candidate registration fees, and intimidation of the media.
The opposition is divided and generally cannot stand up to Guelleh. There are still reports of arbitrary arrest and detention of journalists as well as opposition members and supporters.
President Guelleh won his fifth presidential term by collecting more than 97% of the total votes in the presidential election on April 9, 2021. This was the highest percentage of votes since Guelleh came to power in 1999. This narrow victory was mainly due to boycott of opposition parties due to lack of transparency in the election process. The only candidate facing Guelleh was Zakaria Ismail Farah, a businessman who had little political experience and lacked a strong base of electoral support. Guelleh can also count on the support of international partners who want to ensure political stability in this geostrategic country.
The next presidential election is scheduled for 2026. According to the constitution, the age limit is 75 years, so Guelleh is not allowed to run. This restriction was introduced after the amendment of the constitution in 2010 and the removal of the restriction of the previous two terms. The reforms allowed Goulet to run for a third term the following year, a promise that would be his last. Mr. Guelleh may again amend the constitution to remove the age limit that would have allowed him to remain in power for more than 75 years. The next parliamentary elections are scheduled for February 2023.
The last major threat to political stability was the civil war that began from 1991 to 1994, when the rebel group Afar Front for the Restoration of Unity and Democracy (FRUD) fought against the government for denying Afar people political representation. Launch vs. Although the FRUD has not been at war with the government since the end of the conflict, there are still some isolated incidents of rebel activity in the Afar population in northern Djibouti.
Last updated: April 14, 2022
